• ARCA At baseline Hdc KO mice have alterations in

  2022-03-03

  

  At baseline, Hdc-KO mice have alterations in the examined signaling cascades that resemble those seen in WT mice after RAMH challenge. Specifically, ARCA of MSK1 at T581 and of rpS6 ad S235/236 are elevated in dMSNs to a similar extent after saline in KO mice and after RAMH challenge in WT siblings

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2022-03-03

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we demonstrated that zaprinast (a cGMP-PDE inhibitor) induced the intracellular calcium mobilization in the 94 6 coexpressing GPR35 and Gqi5, Gqo5, or Gα16. Induction of intracellular calcium mobilization by zaprinast in the GPR35-expr

• Tamoxifen is still the most frequently used selective

  2022-03-03

  

  Tamoxifen is still the most frequently used selective estrogen receptor mediator (SERM) in premenopausal women suffering from estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast carcinomas [15]. Although this therapy has been proven very successful, about 20–30% of ER+ breast tumors will not respond, or acquire

• Acknowledgements This work is partially supported

  2022-03-03

  

  Acknowledgements This work is partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(81273353), and the National Science & Technology Key Projects of China (2009ZX09103-085). Glyoxalase I (GLO I) is a key enzyme in the pathways leading to glutathione (GSH)-mediated detoxification of meth

• DPNI-caged-GABA br Experimental procedures br Results br Dis

  2022-03-03

  

  Experimental procedures Results Discussion Although the presence and localization of the GlyR subunits have been determined in the adult retina, the proportion of each GlyR subunit has not been assessed in the adult or in the developing retina. In the present study, we carried out the absol

• Introduction Histamine was generally accepted as a neurotran

  2022-03-03

  

  Introduction Histamine was generally accepted as a neurotransmitter in 1984, when histamine was first identified to be located in tuberomamillary nucleus (TM) of the brain (Watanabe et al., 1984). In mammals, histaminergic neurons play an important role in regulating multiple physiological activiti

• glycogen phosphorylase mg Transcriptional translational modu

  2022-03-03

  

  Transcriptional/translational modulators. The discovery that β-lactam antibiotics like ceftriaxone enhance the in vivo expression of EAAT2/GLT-1 [31] has pioneered a completely new approach to EAAT modulation, with several additional EAAT activators following in its trail (Figure 2b) [32, 33, 34•, 3

• GPR can signal through not

  2022-03-03

  

  GPR40 can signal through not only IP3 but also cAMP depending upon the type of agonist ligand used. A full agonist engages both signaling mechanisms in contrast to the endogenous long-chain fatty AG-490 (LCFA) ligands and partial agonists. Thus, stimulation of GPR40 by endogenous LCFAs or by the sy

• An increased sympathetic tone and the hormone glucagon

  2022-03-03

  

  An increased sympathetic tone and the hormone glucagon are the main glucose mobilizing factors [28], [29]. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of human islet cells suggests the expression of Ffar1 not only in β-cells but also in α-cells [30]. Moreover, analysis of rat α-cells indicates that FFAR1 exp

• There are two ways to

  2022-03-03

  

  There are two ways to transport FFAs into cells. First by passive diffusion. Second as the putative long-chain fatty LY2606368 transporters are proposed, CD36 the plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) and fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) [11], where CD36 is responsible

• The mechanism underlying the anorectic effect of OXM is well

  2022-03-02

  

  The mechanism underlying the anorectic effect of OXM is well established. It is centrally mediated via GLP-1 receptor activation, confirmed by both pharmacological blockade of the GLP-1 receptor, and using GLP-1 receptor knock-out mice [2], [11], [12]. However, the mechanism by which it increases en

• In perimenstrual catamenial epilepsy there

  2022-03-02

  

  In perimenstrual catamenial epilepsy, there is emerging evidence to suggest that P withdrawal plays a key role in seizure exacerbations occurring around the time of menstruation (Backstrom et al., 1984, Bonuccelli et al., 1989, Scharfman and MacLusky, 2006). The mechanisms underlying ovarian cycle-r

• A relatively independent review of the history of the discov

  2022-03-02

  

  A relatively independent review of the history of the discovery of GABA (and L-glutamate) as neurotransmitters in the CNS can be found in ‘When and why amino acids?’ in the in 2010 by Kresimir Krnjevic , who spent a post-doc in Canberra in 1956–1958. Introduction The insect RDL GABA receptor is

• The fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFRs including four

  2022-03-02

  

  The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFRs), including four highly conserved proteins (FGFR1-4), are important membrane sensors for extracellular signals [4]. By binding to their ligands, FGFRs are activated and can trigger various downstream intracellular signaling cascades, which is required for

• br Author contributions statement P N Y

  2022-03-02

  

  Author contributions statement P.N.Y. designed the study, analyzed the data and prepared the draft of the manuscript. C.S performed the experiments, analyzed the data and generated Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8. A.K. and S.D. made Supplementary Figs. S1 and S2. D.

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