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Functional implications notwithstanding the intermolecular c
2024-11-14
Functional implications notwithstanding, the intermolecular contact appears to shield the Y361 side chain (Fig. 3) from being accessible for regulation by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation as has been proposed [18,19]. It is, therefore, likely that Src kinase and PTP1B phosphatase bind to an AROM mo
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According to the present observations the Ampk isoform promo
2024-11-14
According to the present observations, the Ampkα1 isoform promotes AP-1 transcriptional activity and thereby fosters 1400w of AP-1 target genes in cardiomyocytes via activation of Pkcζ. The transcription factor AP-1 plays a decisive role during cardiac remodeling [24], [25], [26], [37]. AP-1 modula
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br Experimental section br Acknowledgment S B T is
2024-11-14
Experimental section Acknowledgment S.B.T. is grateful to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the Wilhelm Sander-Stiftung and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) for generous research support. M.M. greatly acknowledges the experimental support and the scientific cont
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At the organismal level skeletal
2024-11-13
At the organismal level, skeletal muscle, lung and adipose tissues mediate net de novo synthesis and release of glutamine, whereas net glutamine catabolism occurs in the kidney [7]. The liver exhibits net glutamine consumption coupled to urea production in the post-absorptive state, and net glutamin
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Spadin br Introduction Alcohol i e ethanol is absorbed into
2024-11-13
Introduction Alcohol, i.e., ethanol, is absorbed into the blood from the stomach to the small intestine, then distributed throughout the body. The metabolism of alcohol converting to acetic Spadin basically involves two enzymes; alcohol dehydrogenase converting ethanol to acetaldehyde and aldehy
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br Conclusions The following are the supplementary
2024-11-13
Conclusions The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Author contributions Conflict of interest Funding sources This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [grant: MOP-79470]. Introduction Sperm cells undergo a number of physical and
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br Actin at presynapses br Conclusion Thanks to the
2024-11-13
Actin at presynapses Conclusion Thanks to the recent discovery of rings, hotspots and trails, axonal keap1 nrf2 is back in the spotlight. These are exiting times for neuronal cell biologists armed with constantly improving labeling and imaging techniques to observe, quantify and perturb these
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Consistent with a damaging role for
2024-11-13
Consistent with a damaging role for increased 12/15-LOX activity in stroke, systemic administration of the 12/15-LOX inhibitor, LB1, 2 h after permanent focal cerebral ischemia significantly reduced infarct size 24 h after the ischemia, and the treatment group demonstrated improved behavioral and he
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The known crystal structures of class C GPCR VFTs do
2024-11-13
The known crystal structures of class C GPCR VFTs do not include attached TM domains, therefore current conformational data may not accurately reflect the dynamics of extracellular domains in full-length receptors. Nevertheless, compelling mechanisms of signal transduction can still be postulated. S
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AP activity is increased by
2024-11-12
AP-1 activity is increased by MAP kinase stimulation in different cell types (Whitmarsh and Davis, 1996), while MKP-1, the enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and inactivation of MAP kinases in the nucleus, inhibits AP-1 (Rössler et al., 2008, Rössler and Thiel, 2009, Mayer et al., 2011, Thi
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HMGA proteins have also been linked to localized changes in
2024-11-12
HMGA proteins have also been linked to localized changes in chromatin/nucleosome structure and alterations of cellular phenotype during induction of gene transcription in activated T lymphocytes. An adaptive immune response is initiated when naïve resting T lymphocytes encounter their corresponding
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Applications for protein switches are
2024-11-12
Applications for protein switches are numerous. In diagnostics, protein switches can detect analytes as components of inexpensive homogeneous assays that do not require specialized equipment or time-consuming incubation and washing steps characteristic of immunoassays [8]. Protein switches have also
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Spadin br Angiogenesis as a critical event in
2024-11-12
Angiogenesis as a critical event in diabetic retinopathy Angiogenesis refers to the abnormal proliferation of blood vessels during various pathological conditions. It acquires the stature of being one of the most detrimental events responsible for the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Angiogen
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Sixth significant progress has been made during the last few
2024-11-12
Sixth, significant progress has been made during the last few years regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of AMPK and this should aid to develop more potent and specific compounds. Information from crystallographic structures combined with computer-based drug design hold promi
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Notably we have characterized the mechanism of action of ALK
2024-11-12
Notably, we have characterized the mechanism of action of ALK in the context of our current understanding of NLRP3 activation [5]. Non-priming macrophages, including BMDMs, exhibit no or minimal activation of NLRP3 in response to ATP. In contrast, LPS priming of macrophages makes them highly suscept
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